restore curl.zr example now that we have DNS resolution once again

examples/chip8.zr

@@ -47,9 +47,7 @@ func chip8_create[] : CHIP8
 
 func chip8_disassemble[c: CHIP8, ins_count: i64] : void
     for i in 0..ins_count
-        io.print("0x")
-        io.print_i64_hex(c->pc)
-        io.print(": ")
+        io.printf("0x%x: ", c->pc)
 
         let high: i64 = c->memory[c->pc]
         let low: i64 = c->memory[c->pc + 1]
@@ -69,179 +67,82 @@ func chip8_disassemble[c: CHIP8, ins_count: i64] : void
             else if nnn == 0x0ee
                 io.println("RET")
             else
-                io.print("SYS ")
-                io.println_i64(nnn)
+                io.printf("SYS %d\n", nnn)
         else if op == 0x1
-            io.print("JP 0x")
-            io.print_i64_hex(nnn)
-            io.print("\n")
+            io.printf("JP 0x%x\n", nnn)
         else if op == 0x2
-            io.print("CALL ")
-            io.println_i64(nnn)
+            io.printf("CALL %d\n", nnn)
         else if op == 0x3
-            io.print("SE V")
-            io.print_i64_hex(x)
-            io.print(", ")
-            io.println_i64(kk)
+            io.printf("SE V%x, %d\n", x, kk)
         else if op == 0x4
-            io.print("SNE V")
-            io.print_i64_hex(x)
-            io.print(", ")
-            io.println_i64(kk)
+            io.printf("SNE V%x, %d\n", x, kk)
         else if op == 0x5
-            io.print("SE V")
-            io.print_i64_hex(x)
-            io.print(", V")
-            io.print_i64_hex(y)
-            io.print("\n")
+            io.printf("SE V%x, V%x\n", x, y)
         else if op == 0x6
-            io.print("LD V")
-            io.print_i64_hex(x)
-            io.print(", ")
-            io.println_i64(kk)
+            io.printf("LD V%x, %d\n", x, kk)
         else if op == 0x7
-            io.print("ADD V")
-            io.print_i64_hex(x)
-            io.print(", ")
-            io.println_i64(kk)
+            io.printf("ADD V%x, %d\n", x, kk)
         else if op == 0x8
             if n == 0x0
-                io.print("LD V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print(", V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(y)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("LD V%x, V%x\n", x, y)
             else if n == 0x1
-                io.print("OR V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print(", V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(y)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("OR V%x, V%x\n", x, y)
             else if n == 0x2
-                io.print("AND V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print(", V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(y)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("AND V%x, V%x\n", x, y)
             else if n == 0x3
-                io.print("XOR V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print(", V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(y)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("XOR V%x, V%x\n", x, y)
             else if n == 0x4
-                io.print("ADD V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print(", V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(y)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("ADD V%x, V%x\n", x, y)
             else if n == 0x5
-                io.print("SUB V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print(", V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(y)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("SUB V%x, V%x\n", x, y)
             else if n == 0x6
-                io.print("SHR V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("SHR V%x\n", x)
             else if n == 0x7
-                io.print("SUBN V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print(", V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(y)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("SUBN V%x, V%x\n", x, y)
             else if n == 0xE
-                io.print("SHL V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("SHL V%x\n", x)
             else
-                io.print("??? (")
-                io.print_i64_hex(ins)
-                io.println(")")
+                io.printf("??? (%x)\n", ins)
         else if op == 0x9
-            io.print("SNE V")
-            io.print_i64_hex(x)
-            io.print(", V")
-            io.print_i64_hex(y)
-            io.print("\n")
+            io.printf("SNE V%x, V%x\n", x, y)
         else if op == 0xa
-            io.print("LD I, 0x")
-            io.print_i64_hex(nnn)
-            io.print("\n")
+            io.printf("LD I, 0x%x\n", nnn)
         else if op == 0xb
-            io.print("JP V0, ")
-            io.println_i64(nnn)
+            io.printf("JP V0, %d\n", nnn)
         else if op == 0xc
-            io.print("RND V")
-            io.print_i64_hex(x)
-            io.print(", ")
-            io.println_i64(kk)
+            io.printf("RND V%x, %d\n", x, kk)
         else if op == 0xd
-            io.print("DRW V")
-            io.print_i64_hex(x)
-            io.print(", V")
-            io.print_i64_hex(y)
-            io.print(", ")
-            io.println_i64(n)
+            io.printf("DRW V%x, V%x, %d\n", x, y, n)
         else if op == 0xe
             if kk == 0x9e
-                io.print("SKP V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("SKP V%x\n", x)
             else if kk == 0xa1
-                io.print("SKNP V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("SKNP V%x\n", x)
             else
-                io.print("??? (")
-                io.print_i64_hex(ins)
-                io.println(")")
+                io.printf("??? (%x)\n", ins)
         else if op == 0xf
             if kk == 0x07
-                io.print("LD V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.println(", DT")
+                io.printf("LD V%x, DT\n", x)
             else if kk == 0x0A
-                io.print("LD V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.println(", K")
+                io.printf("LD V%x, K\n", x)
             else if kk == 0x15
-                io.print("LD DT, V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("LD DT, V%x\n", x)
             else if kk == 0x18
-                io.print("LD ST, V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("LD ST, V%x\n", x)
             else if kk == 0x1E
-                io.print("ADD I, V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("ADD I, V%x\n", x)
             else if kk == 0x29
-                io.print("LD F, V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("LD F, V%x\n", x)
             else if kk == 0x33
-                io.print("LD B, V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("LD B, V%x\n", x)
             else if kk == 0x55
-                io.print("LD [I], V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.print("\n")
+                io.printf("LD [I], V%x\n", x)
             else if kk == 0x65
-                io.print("LD V")
-                io.print_i64_hex(x)
-                io.println(", [I]")
+                io.printf("LD V%x, [I]\n", x)
             else
-                io.print("??? (")
-                io.print_i64_hex(ins)
-                io.println(")")
+                io.printf("??? (%x)\n", ins)
         else
-            io.print("??? (")
-            io.print_i64_hex(ins)
-            io.println(")")
+            io.printf("??? (%x)\n", ins)
 
 func chip8_step[c: CHIP8] : void
     let high: i64 = c->memory[c->pc]
@@ -419,4 +320,4 @@ func main[argc: i64, argv: ptr] : i64
                 if c->display[x + y * 64] == 1
                     DrawRectangle(x * 10, y * 10, 10, 10, 0xff000000)
 
-        EndDrawing()
+        EndDrawing()

examples/curl.zr

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+func main[argc: i64, argv: ptr] : i64
+    if argc < 2
+        io.println("ERROR: url is missing")
+        return 1
+
+    let url: str = mem.read64(argv + 8)
+
+    if str.len(url) <= 7
+        io.println("ERROR: invalid url (Did you forget \"http://\"?)")
+        return 1
+
+    if !str.equal(str.substr(url, 0, 7), "http://")
+        io.println("ERROR: only http scheme is supported")
+        return 1
+    
+    let url_len: i64 = str.len(url)
+    let host_start = 7
+    let i: i64 = host_start
+    while i < url_len
+        if url[i] == '/'
+            break
+        i = i + 1
+
+    let host: str = str.substr(url, host_start, i - host_start)
+    let path: str = "/"
+    if i < url_len
+        path = str.substr(url, i, url_len - i)
+    
+    let addr: i64 = net.resolve(host)
+    if addr <= 0
+        io.println("ERROR: domain resolution failed")
+        return 1
+
+    let s: i64 = net.connect(addr, 80)
+    if s < 0
+        io.println("ERROR: connection failed")
+        return 1
+
+    // TODO: add string builder to std
+    let req: str = "GET "
+    req = str.concat(req, path)
+    req = str.concat(req, " HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: ")
+    req = str.concat(req, host)
+    req = str.concat(req, "\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n")
+    net.send(s, req, str.len(req))
+    mem.free(req)
+
+    let header_buf: str = mem.alloc(8192)
+    let header_size = 0
+    let found: bool = false
+    let end_index: i64 = -1
+
+    while !found && header_size < 8192
+        let n: i64 = net.read(s, header_buf + header_size, 8192 - header_size)
+        if n <= 0
+            break
+        let current_size: i64 = header_size + n
+        i = 0
+        while i <= current_size - 4
+            if header_buf[i] == '\r' && header_buf[i + 1] == '\n' && header_buf[i + 2] == '\r' && header_buf[i + 3] == '\n'
+                found = true
+                end_index = i + 4
+                break
+            i = i + 1
+        header_size = current_size
+
+    if end_index < header_size
+        io.print_sized(header_buf + end_index, header_size - end_index)
+    mem.free(header_buf)
+
+    let buffer: ptr = mem.alloc(4096)
+    while true
+        let n: i64 = net.read(s, buffer, 4096)
+        if n <= 0
+            break
+        io.print_sized(buffer, n)
+    mem.free(buffer)
+
+    net.close(s)

examples/puzzles/euler_01.zr

@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ func main[] : i64
     for i in 0..1000
         if i % 5 == 0 || i % 3 == 0
             sum = sum + i
+
     io.println_i64(sum)

examples/udp_server.zr

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ func main[] : i64
     while true
         let pkt: net.UDPPacket = net.udp_receive(s, 60000)
         if pkt->size <= 0
-            net.udp_free_packet(pkt)
+            net.UDPPacket.free(pkt)
             continue
 
         net.udp_send_to(s, pkt->source_addr, pkt->buffer, pkt->size)
-        net.udp_free_packet(pkt)
+        net.UDPPacket.free(pkt)

src/analyzer.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,15 @@ pub struct Analyzer {
 impl Analyzer {
     pub fn new() -> Analyzer {
         Analyzer {
-            functions: HashMap::new(),
+            functions: HashMap::from([
+                ("_builtin_heap_head".into(), 0),
+                ("_builtin_heap_tail".into(), 0),
+                ("_builtin_read64".into(), 1),
+                ("_builtin_set64".into(), 2),
+                ("_builtin_syscall".into(), -1),
+                ("io.printf".into(), -1),
+                ("_builtin_environ".into(), 0),
+            ]),
             constants: HashMap::new(),
             structs: HashMap::new(),
         }
@@ -160,9 +168,7 @@ impl Analyzer {
                 args,
             } => {
                 if let Expr::Variable(callee_name) = *callee.clone() {
-                    if callee_name.lexeme.starts_with("_builtin_")
-                        || self.functions.contains_key(&callee_name.lexeme)
-                    {
+                    if self.functions.contains_key(&callee_name.lexeme) {
                         // its a function (defined/builtin/extern)
                         if let Some(arity) = self.functions.get(&callee_name.lexeme) {
                             if *arity >= 0 && *arity != args.len() as i32 {
@@ -171,7 +177,7 @@ impl Analyzer {
                                     format!("expected {} arguments, got {}", arity, args.len())
                                 );
                             }
-                        } else if !callee_name.lexeme.starts_with("_builtin_") {
+                        } else {
                             return error!(
                                 &paren.loc,
                                 format!("undefined function: {}", callee_name.lexeme)

src/codegen_x86_64.rs

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl<'a> CodegenX86_64<'a> {
         format!("section .data\n{}{}", self.data_section, self.output)
     }
 
-    pub fn emit_prologue(&mut self, emit_start: bool) -> Result<(), ZernError> {
+    pub fn emit_prologue(&mut self, use_gcc: bool) -> Result<(), ZernError> {
         emit!(
             &mut self.output,
             "section .note.GNU-stack
@@ -142,10 +142,25 @@ _builtin_syscall:
     mov r9,  [rsp+8]
     syscall
     ret
+
+section .text.io.printf
+io.printf:
+    push rbp
+    mov rbp, rsp
+    sub rsp, 48
+    mov [rsp],      rsi
+    mov [rsp + 8],  rdx
+    mov [rsp + 16], rcx
+    mov [rsp + 24], r8
+    mov [rsp + 32], r9
+    lea rsi, [rsp]
+    call io._printf_impl
+    leave
+    ret
 "
         );
 
-        if emit_start {
+        if !use_gcc {
             emit!(
                 &mut self.output,
                 "
@@ -650,9 +665,7 @@ _builtin_environ:
                 }
 
                 if let Expr::Variable(callee_name) = &**callee {
-                    if callee_name.lexeme.starts_with("_builtin_")
-                        || self.analyzer.functions.contains_key(&callee_name.lexeme)
-                    {
+                    if self.analyzer.functions.contains_key(&callee_name.lexeme) {
                         // its a function (defined/builtin/extern)
                         emit!(&mut self.output, "    call {}", callee_name.lexeme);
                     } else {

src/main.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,18 @@ use tokenizer::ZernError;
 
 use clap::Parser;
 
+macro_rules! compile_std {
+    ($codegen:expr, $( $name:literal ),* $(,)? ) => {
+        $(
+            compile_file_to(
+                $codegen,
+                $name,
+                include_str!(concat!("std/", $name)).into()
+            )?;
+        )*
+    };
+}
+
 fn compile_file_to(
     codegen: &mut codegen_x86_64::CodegenX86_64,
     filename: &str,
@@ -63,14 +75,8 @@ fn compile_file(args: Args) -> Result<(), ZernError> {
 
     let mut analyzer = analyzer::Analyzer::new();
     let mut codegen = codegen_x86_64::CodegenX86_64::new(&mut analyzer);
-    codegen.emit_prologue(!args.use_gcc)?;
-    compile_file_to(
-        &mut codegen,
-        "syscalls.zr",
-        include_str!("std/syscalls.zr").into(),
-    )?;
-    compile_file_to(&mut codegen, "std.zr", include_str!("std/std.zr").into())?;
-    compile_file_to(&mut codegen, "net.zr", include_str!("std/net.zr").into())?;
+    codegen.emit_prologue(args.use_gcc)?;
+    compile_std!(&mut codegen, "syscalls.zr", "std.zr", "net.zr");
     compile_file_to(&mut codegen, filename, source)?;
 
     if !args.output_asm {

src/std/net.zr

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ struct net.UDPSocket
     addr: ptr
 
 struct net.UDPPacket
-    buffer: ptr
+    data: ptr
     source_addr: ptr
     size: i64
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func net.udp_listen[packed_host: i64, port: i64] : net.UDPSocket
         return 0
 
     if _builtin_syscall(SYS_bind, s->fd, s->addr, 16) < 0
-        net.udp_close_and_free(s)
+        net.UDPSocket.close_and_free(s)
         return 0
 
     return s
@@ -122,20 +122,92 @@ func net.udp_send_to[s: net.UDPSocket, addr: ptr, data: ptr, size: i64] : void
 
 func net.udp_receive[s: net.UDPSocket, size: i64] : net.UDPPacket
     let pkt: net.UDPPacket = new net.UDPPacket
-    pkt->buffer = mem.alloc(size)
+    pkt->data = mem.alloc(size)
     pkt->source_addr = mem.alloc(16)
     mem.zero(pkt->source_addr, 16)
 
     let addrlen: i64 = 16
-    pkt->size = _builtin_syscall(SYS_recvfrom, s->fd, pkt->buffer, size, 0, pkt->source_addr, ^addrlen)
+    pkt->size = _builtin_syscall(SYS_recvfrom, s->fd, pkt->data, size, 0, pkt->source_addr, ^addrlen)
     return pkt
 
-func net.udp_close_and_free[s: net.UDPSocket] : void
+func net.UDPSocket.close_and_free[s: net.UDPSocket] : void
     _builtin_syscall(SYS_close, s->fd)
     mem.free(s->addr)
     mem.free(s)
 
-func net.udp_free_packet[pkt: net.UDPPacket] : void
-    mem.free(pkt->buffer)
+func net.UDPPacket.free[pkt: net.UDPPacket] : void
+    mem.free(pkt->data)
     mem.free(pkt->source_addr)
     mem.free(pkt)
+
+const DNS_TYPE_A = 1
+const DNS_CLASS_IN = 1
+const DNS_RECURSION_DESIRED = 256
+
+func net.encode_dns_name[domain: str] : io.Buffer
+    let domain_len: i64 = str.len(domain)
+    let buf: io.Buffer = io.Buffer.alloc(domain_len + 2)
+    let out_pos: i64 = 0
+    let part_start: i64 = 0
+    let i: i64 = 0
+    while i <= domain_len
+        if i == domain_len || domain[i] == '.'
+            let part_len: i64 = i - part_start
+            buf->data[out_pos] = part_len & 0xff
+            out_pos = out_pos + 1
+            mem.copy(domain + part_start, buf->data + out_pos, part_len)
+            out_pos = out_pos + part_len
+            part_start = i + 1
+        i = i + 1
+
+    buf->data[out_pos] = 0
+    return buf
+
+func net.build_dns_query[domain_name: str, record_type: i64] : io.Buffer
+    let name: io.Buffer = net.encode_dns_name(domain_name)
+    let out: io.Buffer = io.Buffer.alloc(12 + name->size + 4)
+
+    // header
+    let id: i64 = math.abs(os.urandom_i64() % 65536)
+    mem.write16be(out->data + 0, id)
+    mem.write16be(out->data + 2, DNS_RECURSION_DESIRED)
+    mem.write16be(out->data + 4, 1)  // num_questions
+    mem.write16be(out->data + 6, 0)  // num_answers
+    mem.write16be(out->data + 8, 0)  // num_authorities
+    mem.write16be(out->data + 10, 0) // num_additionals
+
+    // question
+    mem.copy(name->data, out->data + 12, name->size)
+    mem.write16be(out->data + 12 + name->size, record_type)
+    mem.write16be(out->data + 12 + name->size + 2, DNS_CLASS_IN)
+
+    io.Buffer.free(name)
+    return out
+
+func net.resolve[domain: str] : i64
+    let query: io.Buffer = net.build_dns_query(domain, DNS_TYPE_A)
+
+    // TODO: this probably shouldnt be hardcoded
+    let s: net.UDPSocket = net.create_udp_client(net.pack_addr(8, 8, 8, 8), 53)
+    if s == 0
+        return 0
+
+    net.udp_send_to(s, s->addr, query->data, query->size)
+    io.Buffer.free(query)
+    let pkt: net.UDPPacket = net.udp_receive(s, 1024)
+    net.UDPSocket.close_and_free(s)
+
+    // TODO: do actual parsing
+
+    let pos: i64 = 12 // skip header (12 bytes)
+
+    while pkt->data[pos] != 0
+        pos = pos + pkt->data[pos] + 1 // skip question
+
+    pos = pos + 5  // skip null byte, type(2), class(2)
+
+    pos = pos + 12 // skip name(2), type(2), class(2), ttl(4), rdlength(2)
+
+    let out: i64 = net.pack_addr(pkt->data[pos], pkt->data[pos+1], pkt->data[pos+2], pkt->data[pos+3])
+    net.UDPPacket.free(pkt)
+    return out

src/std/std.zr

@@ -171,9 +171,15 @@ func mem.read8[x: ptr] : u8
 func mem.read16[x: ptr] : i64
     return x[0] | (x[1] << 8)
 
+func mem.read16be[x: ptr] : i64
+    return (x[0] << 8) | x[1]
+
 func mem.read32[x: ptr] : i64
     return x[0] | (x[1] << 8) | (x[2] << 16) | (x[3] << 24)
 
+func mem.read32be[x: ptr] : i64
+    return (x[0] << 24) | (x[1] << 16) | (x[2] << 8) | x[3]
+
 func mem.read64[x: ptr] : i64
     return _builtin_read64(x)
 
@@ -183,9 +189,43 @@ func mem.write32[x: ptr, d: i64] : void
     x[2] = (d >> 16) & 0xff
     x[3] = (d >> 24) & 0xff
 
+func mem.write16[x: ptr, d: i64] : void
+    x[0] = d & 0xff
+    x[1] = (d >> 8) & 0xff
+
+func mem.write16be[x: ptr, d: i64] : void
+    x[0] = (d >> 8) & 0xff
+    x[1] = d & 0xff
+
 func mem.write64[x: ptr, d: i64] : void
     _builtin_set64(x, d)
 
+// see emit_prologue for the io.printf wrapper
+func io._printf_impl[s: str, args: ptr] : void
+    while s[0]
+        if s[0] == '%'
+            s = s + 1
+
+            if s[0] == 'd'
+                io.print_i64(mem.read64(args))
+                args = args + 8
+            else if s[0] == 'x'
+                io.print_i64_hex(mem.read64(args))
+                args = args + 8
+            else if s[0] == 's'
+                io.print(mem.read64(args))
+                args = args + 8
+            else if s[0] == 'c'
+                io.print_char(mem.read64(args))
+                args = args + 8
+            else if s[0] == '%'
+                io.print_char('%')
+            else if s[0] == 0
+                break
+        else
+            io.print_char(s[0])
+        s = s + 1
+
 func io.print_sized[x: str, size: i64] : void
     _builtin_syscall(SYS_write, 1, x, size)
 
@@ -256,6 +296,16 @@ struct io.Buffer
     data: ptr
     size: i64
 
+func io.Buffer.alloc[size: i64] : io.Buffer
+    let buffer: io.Buffer = new io.Buffer
+    buffer->size = size
+    buffer->data = mem.alloc(size)
+    return buffer
+
+func io.Buffer.free[buf: io.Buffer] : void
+    mem.free(buf->data)
+    mem.free(buf)
+
 func io.read_binary_file[path: str] : io.Buffer
     let fd: i64 = _builtin_syscall(SYS_openat, -100, path, 0, 0)
     if fd < 0