Files
zern/src/typechecker.rs

720 lines
27 KiB
Rust

use std::collections::HashMap;
use crate::{
parser::{Expr, ExprKind, Params, ScopeCall, Stmt, recursion_guard},
symbol_table::{FnParams, SymbolTable},
tokenizer::{Loc, TokenType, ZernError, error},
};
macro_rules! expect_type {
($expr_type:expr, $expected:expr, $loc:expr) => {{
let actual = $expr_type;
if $expected != "$" && actual != "$" && actual != $expected {
return error!(
$loc,
format!("expected type '{}', got {}", $expected, actual)
);
}
}};
}
macro_rules! expect_types {
($expr_type:expr, [$( $expected:expr ),+], $loc:expr) => {
if $expr_type != "$" && $( $expr_type != $expected )&&+ {
return error!(
$loc,
format!(
"expected one of [{}], got {}",
[$( $expected ),+].join(", "),
$expr_type
)
);
}
};
}
static BUILTIN_TYPES: [&str; 8] = ["void", "u8", "i64", "f64", "str", "bool", "ptr", "opaque"];
pub struct Env {
scopes: Vec<HashMap<String, String>>,
}
impl Env {
pub fn new() -> Env {
Env {
scopes: vec![HashMap::new()],
}
}
pub fn push_scope(&mut self) {
self.scopes.push(HashMap::new());
}
pub fn pop_scope(&mut self) {
assert!(!self.scopes.is_empty());
self.scopes.pop();
}
pub fn define_var(&mut self, name: String, var_type: String) {
self.scopes.last_mut().unwrap().insert(name, var_type);
}
fn get_var_type(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&String> {
for scope in self.scopes.iter().rev() {
if let Some(var) = scope.get(name) {
return Some(var);
}
}
None
}
}
pub struct TypeChecker<'a> {
symbol_table: &'a SymbolTable,
pub expr_types: HashMap<usize, String>,
current_function_return_type: String,
depth: usize,
}
impl<'a> TypeChecker<'a> {
pub fn new(symbol_table: &'a SymbolTable) -> TypeChecker<'a> {
TypeChecker {
symbol_table,
expr_types: HashMap::new(),
current_function_return_type: String::new(),
depth: 0,
}
}
pub fn typecheck_stmt(&mut self, env: &mut Env, stmt: &Stmt) -> Result<(), ZernError> {
match stmt {
Stmt::Expression(expr) => {
self.typecheck_expr(env, expr)?;
}
Stmt::Declare { name, initializer } => {
let actual_type = self.typecheck_expr(env, initializer)?;
if actual_type.contains(',') {
return error!(
&name.loc,
"cannot assign multi-return call to a single variable"
);
}
env.define_var(name.lexeme.clone(), actual_type);
}
Stmt::Assign { left, op, value } => {
let value_type = self.typecheck_expr(env, value)?;
if value_type.contains(',') {
return error!(
&op.loc,
"cannot assign multi-return call to a single variable"
);
}
match &left.kind {
ExprKind::Variable(name) => {
let existing_var_type = match env.get_var_type(&name.lexeme) {
Some(x) => x,
None => {
return error!(
name.loc,
format!("undefined variable: {}", &name.lexeme)
);
}
};
expect_type!(value_type.clone(), *existing_var_type, name.loc);
}
ExprKind::Index {
expr,
bracket,
index,
} => {
expect_types!(self.typecheck_expr(env, expr)?, ["ptr", "str"], bracket.loc);
expect_types!(self.typecheck_expr(env, index)?, ["i64", "u8"], bracket.loc);
expect_types!(value_type.clone(), ["u8", "i64"], bracket.loc);
}
ExprKind::MemberAccess { left, field } => {
let left_type = self.typecheck_expr(env, left)?;
let (base_name, generic_args) = parse_generic_type(&left_type);
let fields = match self.symbol_table.structs.get(base_name) {
Some(f) => f,
None => {
return error!(
&field.loc,
format!("unknown struct type: {}", left_type)
);
}
};
let f = match fields.get(&field.lexeme) {
Some(o) => o,
None => {
return error!(
&field.loc,
format!("unknown field: {}", &field.lexeme)
);
}
};
let field_type = if let Some(args) = generic_args {
substitute_type(&f.field_type, args[0])
} else {
f.field_type.clone()
};
expect_type!(value_type.clone(), field_type, field.loc);
}
_ => return error!(&op.loc, "invalid assignment target"),
}
}
Stmt::Destructure { targets, op, value } => {
let value_type = self.typecheck_expr(env, value)?;
let types: Vec<&str> = value_type.split(',').collect();
if types.len() != targets.len() {
return error!(
&op.loc,
"destructure target count does not match return count"
);
}
for (target, ty) in targets.iter().zip(types.iter()) {
match env.get_var_type(&target.lexeme) {
Some(existing) => {
expect_type!(ty.to_string(), *existing, target.loc);
}
None => {
env.define_var(target.lexeme.clone(), ty.to_string());
}
}
}
}
Stmt::Const { .. } => {
// handled in SymbolTable
}
Stmt::Block(stmts) => {
env.push_scope();
for stmt in stmts {
self.typecheck_stmt(env, stmt)?;
}
env.pop_scope();
}
Stmt::If {
keyword,
condition,
then_branch,
else_branch,
} => {
expect_types!(
self.typecheck_expr(env, condition)?,
["i64", "u8", "ptr", "bool", "opaque"],
keyword.loc
);
self.typecheck_stmt(env, then_branch)?;
self.typecheck_stmt(env, else_branch)?;
}
Stmt::While {
keyword,
condition,
body,
} => {
expect_types!(
self.typecheck_expr(env, condition)?,
["i64", "u8", "ptr", "bool"],
keyword.loc
);
self.typecheck_stmt(env, body)?;
}
Stmt::For {
var,
start,
end,
body,
} => {
expect_type!(self.typecheck_expr(env, start)?, "i64", var.loc);
expect_type!(self.typecheck_expr(env, end)?, "i64", var.loc);
env.push_scope();
env.define_var(var.lexeme.clone(), "i64".into());
self.typecheck_stmt(env, body)?;
env.pop_scope();
}
Stmt::Function {
name,
params,
return_types,
body,
exported: _,
} => {
let return_type = return_types
.iter()
.map(|t| t.lexeme.clone())
.collect::<Vec<_>>()
.join(",");
if name.lexeme == "main" {
if return_type != "i64" {
return error!(&name.loc, "main function must return i64");
}
match params {
Params::Normal(params) => {
if !params.is_empty() && params.len() != 2 {
return error!(
&name.loc,
"main function must accept 0 or 2 parameters"
);
}
if params.len() == 2 {
if params[0].var_type.lexeme != "i64" {
return error!(
&name.loc,
"first parameter of the main function must be an i64"
);
}
if params[1].var_type.lexeme != "ptr" {
return error!(
&name.loc,
"second parameter of the main function must be a ptr"
);
}
}
}
Params::Variadic => {
return error!(&name.loc, "main function cannot be variadic");
}
}
}
if !self.is_valid_type_name(&return_type) {
return error!(
&return_types[0].loc,
"unrecognized type: ".to_owned() + &return_type
);
}
self.current_function_return_type = return_type.clone();
env.push_scope();
match params {
Params::Normal(params) => {
for param in params {
if !self.is_valid_type_name(&param.var_type.lexeme) {
return error!(
&param.var_name.loc,
"unrecognized type: ".to_owned() + &param.var_type.lexeme
);
}
if param.var_type.lexeme == "f64" {
return error!(
&param.var_name.loc,
"f64 params not implemented yet"
);
}
env.define_var(
param.var_name.lexeme.clone(),
param.var_type.lexeme.clone(),
);
}
}
Params::Variadic => {}
}
self.typecheck_stmt(env, body)?;
env.pop_scope();
}
Stmt::Return { keyword, exprs } => {
let joined_type = if exprs.is_empty() {
"void".into()
} else {
exprs
.iter()
.map(|e| self.typecheck_expr(env, e))
.collect::<Result<Vec<String>, _>>()?
.join(",")
};
expect_type!(joined_type, self.current_function_return_type, keyword.loc);
}
Stmt::Break => {}
Stmt::Continue => {}
Stmt::Extern(_) => {
// handled in the SymbolTable
}
Stmt::Struct { name: _, fields } => {
for field in fields {
if !self.is_valid_type_name(&field.var_type.lexeme) {
return error!(
&field.var_type.loc,
format!("unknown type: {}", &field.var_type.lexeme)
);
}
}
}
}
Ok(())
}
pub fn typecheck_expr(&mut self, env: &mut Env, expr: &Expr) -> Result<String, ZernError> {
recursion_guard!(self);
let expr_type = match &expr.kind {
ExprKind::Binary { left, op, right } => {
let left_type = self.typecheck_expr(env, left)?;
match op.token_type {
TokenType::Plus | TokenType::Minus => {
expect_types!(left_type, ["i64", "ptr", "u8"], op.loc);
expect_types!(
self.typecheck_expr(env, right)?,
["i64", "ptr", "u8"],
op.loc
);
Ok(left_type)
}
TokenType::Star
| TokenType::Slash
| TokenType::Mod
| TokenType::Xor
| TokenType::BitAnd
| TokenType::BitOr
| TokenType::ShiftLeft
| TokenType::ShiftRight => {
expect_types!(left_type, ["i64", "u8"], op.loc);
expect_types!(self.typecheck_expr(env, right)?, ["i64", "u8"], op.loc);
Ok(left_type)
}
TokenType::DoubleEqual
| TokenType::NotEqual
| TokenType::Greater
| TokenType::GreaterEqual
| TokenType::Less
| TokenType::LessEqual => {
expect_types!(left_type, ["i64", "ptr", "u8"], op.loc);
expect_types!(
self.typecheck_expr(env, right)?,
["i64", "ptr", "u8"],
op.loc
);
Ok("bool".into())
}
_ => unreachable!(),
}
}
ExprKind::Logical { left, op, right } => {
expect_types!(
self.typecheck_expr(env, left)?,
["bool", "i64", "ptr"],
op.loc
);
expect_types!(
self.typecheck_expr(env, right)?,
["bool", "i64", "ptr"],
op.loc
);
Ok("bool".into())
}
ExprKind::Grouping(expr) => self.typecheck_expr(env, expr),
ExprKind::Literal(token) => match token.token_type {
TokenType::IntLiteral => Ok("i64".into()),
TokenType::FloatLiteral => Ok("f64".into()),
TokenType::CharLiteral => Ok("u8".into()),
TokenType::StringLiteral => Ok("str".into()),
TokenType::KeywordTrue => Ok("bool".into()),
TokenType::KeywordFalse => Ok("bool".into()),
_ => unreachable!(),
},
ExprKind::Unary { op, right } => {
let right_type = self.typecheck_expr(env, right)?;
match op.token_type {
TokenType::Minus => {
expect_type!(right_type.clone(), "i64", op.loc);
Ok(right_type)
}
TokenType::Bang => {
expect_types!(right_type, ["bool", "i64", "ptr", "u8"], op.loc);
Ok("bool".into())
}
_ => unreachable!(),
}
}
ExprKind::Variable(name) => {
if self.symbol_table.constants.contains_key(&name.lexeme) {
Ok("i64".into())
} else {
match env.get_var_type(&name.lexeme) {
Some(x) => Ok(x.clone()),
None => error!(name.loc, format!("undefined variable: {}", &name.lexeme)),
}
}
}
ExprKind::Call {
callee,
paren,
args,
} => {
if let ExprKind::Variable(callee_name) = &callee.kind {
if let Some(fn_type) = self.symbol_table.functions.get(&callee_name.lexeme) {
// its a function (defined/builtin/extern)
match &fn_type.params {
FnParams::Normal(params) => {
if params.len() != args.len() {
return error!(
&paren.loc,
format!(
"expected {} arguments, got {}",
params.len(),
args.len()
)
);
}
for (i, arg) in args.iter().enumerate() {
expect_type!(
self.typecheck_expr(env, arg)?,
params[i],
paren.loc
);
}
}
FnParams::Variadic => {
// cant check arg types
for arg in args {
self.typecheck_expr(env, arg)?;
}
}
}
Ok(fn_type.return_type.clone())
} else {
// its a variable containing function address
expect_type!(self.typecheck_expr(env, callee)?, "ptr", paren.loc);
for arg in args {
self.typecheck_expr(env, arg)?;
}
Ok("opaque".into())
}
} else {
// its an expression that evalutes to function address
expect_type!(self.typecheck_expr(env, callee)?, "ptr", paren.loc);
for arg in args {
self.typecheck_expr(env, arg)?;
}
Ok("opaque".into())
}
}
ExprKind::ArrayLiteral(exprs) => {
for expr in exprs {
self.typecheck_expr(env, expr)?;
}
if exprs.is_empty() {
Ok("Array".into())
} else {
let first_item_type = self.typecheck_expr(env, &exprs[0])?;
Ok(format!("Array<{}>", first_item_type))
}
}
ExprKind::Index {
expr,
bracket,
index,
} => {
expect_types!(self.typecheck_expr(env, expr)?, ["ptr", "str"], bracket.loc);
expect_types!(self.typecheck_expr(env, index)?, ["i64", "u8"], bracket.loc);
Ok("u8".into())
}
ExprKind::AddrOf { op, expr } => match &expr.kind {
ExprKind::Variable(_) => Ok("ptr".into()),
_ => {
error!(&op.loc, "can only take address of variables and functions")
}
},
ExprKind::New {
struct_name,
use_heap: _,
} => {
let (base_name, _) = parse_generic_type(&struct_name.lexeme);
if !self.symbol_table.structs.contains_key(base_name) {
return error!(
&struct_name.loc,
format!("unknown struct name: {}", base_name)
);
}
Ok(struct_name.lexeme.clone())
}
ExprKind::MemberAccess { left, field } => {
let left_type = self.typecheck_expr(env, left)?;
let (base_name, generic_args) = parse_generic_type(&left_type);
let fields = match self.symbol_table.structs.get(base_name) {
Some(f) => f,
None => {
return error!(&field.loc, format!("unknown struct type: {}", base_name));
}
};
let field_info = match fields.get(&field.lexeme) {
Some(o) => o,
None => return error!(&field.loc, format!("unknown field: {}", &field.lexeme)),
};
let field_type = if let Some(args) = generic_args {
substitute_type(&field_info.field_type, args[0])
} else {
field_info.field_type.clone()
};
Ok(field_type)
}
ExprKind::Cast { expr, type_name } => {
let expr_type = self.typecheck_expr(env, expr)?;
if expr_type != "opaque" && type_name.lexeme == "f64" {
return error!(
&type_name.loc,
"use _builtin_cvtsi2sd and _builtin_cvttsd2si to cast between integers and f64"
);
}
if !self.is_valid_type_name(&type_name.lexeme) {
return error!(
&type_name.loc,
format!("unknown type: {}", &type_name.lexeme)
);
}
Ok(type_name.lexeme.clone())
}
ExprKind::MethodCall { expr, method, args } => {
let receiver_type = self.typecheck_expr(env, expr)?;
let (base_name, generic_args) = parse_generic_type(&receiver_type);
let func_name = format!("{}.{}", base_name, method.lexeme);
let func_type = match self.symbol_table.functions.get(&func_name) {
Some(f) => f,
None => {
return error!(
method.loc,
format!(
"method {} not found on on type {}",
method.lexeme, base_name
)
);
}
};
let substitute = |s: &str| -> String {
if let Some(ref args) = generic_args {
substitute_type(s, args[0])
} else {
s.to_string()
}
};
match &func_type.params {
FnParams::Normal(params) => {
let substituted_params: Vec<String> =
params.iter().map(|p| substitute(p)).collect();
if substituted_params.is_empty() || substituted_params[0] != receiver_type {
return error!(
method.loc,
format!(
"first parameter of the method must be of type {}",
receiver_type
)
);
}
if substituted_params.len() != args.len() + 1 {
return error!(
method.loc,
format!(
"expected {} arguments, got {}",
substituted_params.len() - 1,
args.len()
)
);
}
for (i, arg) in args.iter().enumerate() {
expect_type!(
self.typecheck_expr(env, arg)?,
substituted_params[i + 1].as_str(),
method.loc
);
}
Ok(substitute(&func_type.return_type))
}
FnParams::Variadic => {
for arg in args {
self.typecheck_expr(env, arg)?;
}
Ok(substitute(&func_type.return_type))
}
}
}
}?;
self.expr_types.insert(expr.id, expr_type.clone());
Ok(expr_type)
}
fn is_valid_type_name(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
if name == "$" {
return true;
}
if name.contains(',') {
return name.split(',').all(|part| self.is_valid_type_name(part));
}
if name.contains('<') {
let (base, inner) = parse_generic_type(name);
if !self.symbol_table.structs.contains_key(base) {
return false;
}
if let Some(args) = inner {
return args.iter().all(|arg| self.is_valid_type_name(arg));
}
unreachable!();
}
if BUILTIN_TYPES.contains(&name) {
return true;
}
if self.symbol_table.structs.contains_key(name) {
return true;
}
false
}
}
fn parse_generic_type(s: &str) -> (&str, Option<Vec<&str>>) {
if let Some(lt_pos) = s.find('<') {
let base = &s[..lt_pos];
let close_pos = s.rfind('>').unwrap_or(s.len());
let inner = &s[lt_pos + 1..close_pos];
let mut args = Vec::new();
let mut depth = 0;
let mut start = 0;
for (i, ch) in inner.char_indices() {
match ch {
'<' => depth += 1,
'>' => depth -= 1,
',' if depth == 0 => {
args.push(&inner[start..i]);
start = i + 1;
}
_ => {}
}
}
args.push(&inner[start..]);
(base, Some(args))
} else {
(s, None)
}
}
fn substitute_type(type_str: &str, dollar_replacement: &str) -> String {
if type_str.contains('$') {
type_str.replace('$', dollar_replacement)
} else {
type_str.to_string()
}
}