Files
zern/src/codegen_x86_64.rs
2025-06-01 17:52:46 +02:00

402 lines
14 KiB
Rust

use std::{collections::HashMap, fmt::Write};
use crate::{
parser::{Expr, Stmt},
tokenizer::{TokenType, ZernError, error},
};
pub struct Var {
pub var_type: String,
pub stack_offset: usize,
}
pub struct Env {
scopes: Vec<HashMap<String, Var>>,
next_offset: usize,
}
impl Env {
pub fn new() -> Env {
Env {
scopes: vec![HashMap::new()],
next_offset: 8,
}
}
pub fn push_scope(&mut self) {
self.scopes.push(HashMap::new());
}
pub fn pop_scope(&mut self) {
self.scopes.pop();
}
pub fn define_var(&mut self, name: String, var_type: String) -> usize {
let offset = self.next_offset;
self.next_offset += 8;
self.scopes.last_mut().unwrap().insert(name, Var {
var_type,
stack_offset: offset,
});
offset
}
pub fn get_var(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&Var> {
for scope in self.scopes.iter().rev() {
if let Some(var) = scope.get(name) {
return Some(var);
}
}
None
}
}
macro_rules! emit {
($($arg:tt)*) => {
let _ = writeln!($($arg)*);
};
}
static REGISTERS: [&str; 6] = ["rdi", "rsi", "rdx", "rcx", "r8", "r9"];
static TYPES: [&str; 2] = ["I64", "String"];
pub struct CodegenX86_64 {
output: String,
data_section: String,
label_counter: usize,
data_counter: usize,
}
impl CodegenX86_64 {
pub fn new() -> CodegenX86_64 {
CodegenX86_64 {
output: String::new(),
data_section: String::new(),
label_counter: 0,
data_counter: 0,
}
}
fn label(&mut self) -> String {
self.label_counter += 1;
format!(".L{}", self.label_counter)
}
pub fn get_output(&self) -> String {
format!(
"section .data
{}{}",
self.data_section, self.output
)
}
pub fn emit_prologue(&mut self) -> Result<(), ZernError> {
emit!(
&mut self.output,
"
section .text
extern malloc
extern free
extern printf
extern sprintf
extern strlen
extern strcmp
extern puts
print equ puts
; generated with clang
strrev:
push r14
push rbx
push rax
mov rbx, rdi
call strlen
mov r14, rax
lea rdi, [rax + 1]
call malloc
mov rcx, rax
mov rsi, r14
mov rdx, r14
.LBB0_1:
sub rdx, 1
jb .LBB0_2
mov sil, byte [rbx + rsi - 1]
mov byte [rcx], sil
inc rcx
mov rsi, rdx
jmp .LBB0_1
.LBB0_2:
mov byte [rax + r14], 0
add rsp, 8
pop rbx
pop r14
ret
",
);
Ok(())
}
pub fn emit_epilogue(&mut self) -> Result<(), ZernError> {
emit!(&mut self.output, "section .note.GNU-stack");
emit!(&mut self.output, " db 0");
Ok(())
}
pub fn compile_stmt(&mut self, env: &mut Env, stmt: Stmt) -> Result<(), ZernError> {
match stmt {
Stmt::Expression(expr) => self.compile_expr(env, expr)?,
Stmt::Let {
name,
var_type,
initializer,
} => {
// TODO: types
if !TYPES.contains(&var_type.lexeme.as_str()) {
return error!(&name.loc, format!("unknown type: {}", var_type.lexeme));
}
self.compile_expr(env, initializer)?;
let offset = env.define_var(name.lexeme.clone(), var_type.lexeme);
emit!(&mut self.output, " mov QWORD [rbp-{}], rax", offset);
}
Stmt::Block(statements) => {
env.push_scope();
for stmt in statements {
self.compile_stmt(env, stmt)?;
}
env.pop_scope();
}
Stmt::If {
condition,
then_branch,
else_branch,
} => {
let else_label = self.label();
let end_label = self.label();
self.compile_expr(env, condition)?;
emit!(&mut self.output, " test rax, rax");
emit!(&mut self.output, " je {}", else_label);
self.compile_stmt(env, *then_branch.clone())?;
emit!(&mut self.output, " jmp {}", end_label);
emit!(&mut self.output, "{}:", else_label);
self.compile_stmt(env, *else_branch.clone())?;
emit!(&mut self.output, "{}:", end_label);
}
Stmt::While { condition, body } => {
let begin_label = self.label();
let end_label = self.label();
emit!(&mut self.output, "{}:", begin_label);
self.compile_expr(env, condition)?;
emit!(&mut self.output, " test rax, rax");
emit!(&mut self.output, " je {}", end_label);
self.compile_stmt(env, *body.clone())?;
emit!(&mut self.output, " jmp {}", begin_label);
emit!(&mut self.output, "{}:", end_label);
}
Stmt::Function {
name,
params,
return_type,
body,
} => {
if !TYPES.contains(&return_type.lexeme.as_str()) {
return error!(&name.loc, format!("unknown type: {}", return_type.lexeme));
}
emit!(&mut self.output, "global {}", name.lexeme);
emit!(&mut self.output, "{}:", name.lexeme);
emit!(&mut self.output, " push rbp");
emit!(&mut self.output, " mov rbp, rsp");
emit!(&mut self.output, " sub rsp, 256"); // TODO
for (i, param) in params.iter().enumerate() {
let offset = env
.define_var(param.var_name.lexeme.clone(), param.var_type.lexeme.clone());
let reg = match REGISTERS.get(i) {
Some(x) => x,
None => return error!(&name.loc, "only up to 6 params allowed"),
};
emit!(&mut self.output, " mov QWORD [rbp-{}], {}", offset, reg,);
}
self.compile_stmt(env, *body)?;
emit!(&mut self.output, " mov rax, 0"); // TODO: remove default return value
emit!(&mut self.output, " mov rsp, rbp");
emit!(&mut self.output, " pop rbp");
emit!(&mut self.output, " ret");
}
Stmt::Return(expr) => {
self.compile_expr(env, expr)?;
emit!(&mut self.output, " mov rsp, rbp");
emit!(&mut self.output, " pop rbp");
emit!(&mut self.output, " ret");
}
}
Ok(())
}
pub fn compile_expr(&mut self, env: &mut Env, expr: Expr) -> Result<(), ZernError> {
match expr {
Expr::Binary { left, op, right } => {
self.compile_expr(env, *left)?;
emit!(&mut self.output, " push rax");
self.compile_expr(env, *right)?;
emit!(&mut self.output, " mov rbx, rax");
emit!(&mut self.output, " pop rax");
match op.token_type {
TokenType::Plus => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " add rax, rbx");
}
TokenType::Minus => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " sub rax, rbx");
}
TokenType::Star => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " imul rax, rbx");
}
TokenType::Slash => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " cqo");
emit!(&mut self.output, " idiv rbx");
}
TokenType::Mod => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " cqo");
emit!(&mut self.output, " idiv rbx");
emit!(&mut self.output, " mov rax, rdx");
}
TokenType::Xor => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " xor rax, rbx");
}
TokenType::And => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " and rax, rbx");
}
TokenType::Or => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " or rax, rbx");
}
TokenType::DoubleEqual => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " cmp rax, rbx");
emit!(&mut self.output, " sete al");
emit!(&mut self.output, " movzx rax, al");
}
TokenType::NotEqual => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " cmp rax, rbx");
emit!(&mut self.output, " setne al");
emit!(&mut self.output, " movzx rax, al");
}
TokenType::Greater => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " cmp rax, rbx");
emit!(&mut self.output, " setg al");
emit!(&mut self.output, " movzx rax, al");
}
TokenType::GreaterEqual => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " cmp rax, rbx");
emit!(&mut self.output, " setge al");
emit!(&mut self.output, " movzx rax, al");
}
TokenType::Less => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " cmp rax, rbx");
emit!(&mut self.output, " setl al");
emit!(&mut self.output, " movzx rax, al");
}
TokenType::LessEqual => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " cmp rax, rbx");
emit!(&mut self.output, " setle al");
emit!(&mut self.output, " movzx rax, al");
}
_ => unreachable!(),
}
}
Expr::Grouping(expr) => self.compile_expr(env, *expr)?,
Expr::Literal(token) => match token.token_type {
TokenType::Number => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " mov rax, {}", token.lexeme);
}
TokenType::String => {
// TODO: actual string parsing in the tokenizer
let value = &token.lexeme[1..token.lexeme.len() - 1].replace("\\n", "\n");
let charcodes = value
.chars()
.map(|x| (x as u8).to_string())
.collect::<Vec<String>>()
.join(",");
emit!(
&mut self.data_section,
" S{} db {},0",
self.data_counter,
charcodes,
);
emit!(&mut self.output, " mov rax, S{}", self.data_counter);
self.data_counter += 1;
}
_ => unreachable!(),
},
Expr::Unary { op, right } => {
self.compile_expr(env, *right)?;
match op.token_type {
TokenType::Minus => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " neg rax");
}
TokenType::Bang => {
emit!(&mut self.output, " test rax, rax");
emit!(&mut self.output, " sete al");
emit!(&mut self.output, " movzx rax, al");
}
_ => unreachable!(),
}
}
Expr::Variable(name) => {
let var = match env.get_var(&name.lexeme) {
Some(x) => x,
None => {
return error!(name.loc, format!("undefined variable: {}", &name.lexeme));
}
};
emit!(
&mut self.output,
" mov rax, QWORD [rbp-{}]",
var.stack_offset,
);
}
Expr::Assign { name, value } => {
self.compile_expr(env, *value)?;
let var = match env.get_var(&name.lexeme) {
Some(x) => x,
None => {
return error!(name.loc, format!("undefined variable: {}", &name.lexeme));
}
};
emit!(
&mut self.output,
" mov QWORD [rbp-{}], rax",
var.stack_offset,
);
}
Expr::Call {
callee,
paren,
args,
} => {
let callee = match *callee {
Expr::Variable(name) => name.lexeme,
_ => todo!(),
};
for (i, arg) in args.iter().enumerate() {
self.compile_expr(env, arg.clone())?;
let reg = match REGISTERS.get(i) {
Some(x) => x,
None => return error!(&paren.loc, "only up to 6 args allowed"),
};
emit!(&mut self.output, " mov {}, rax", reg,);
}
emit!(&mut self.output, " call {}", callee);
}
}
Ok(())
}
}